Journal of Education in Science, Technology, Mathematics,
and Disaster Management
ISSN 3046-5265
14 | https://journal.ppiiaceh.or.id/index.php/jestmdm
http://dx.doi.org/10.62864/jestmdm.v1i1.8 Volume 1, Issue 1, p.14-24, March 2024
Simulation of Gold Analysis by UV -Vis Spectrophotometry
Based on Excel Spreadsheets as an Alternative Media
for Learning Analytical Chemistry
Ibnu Khaldun*, Zulfadli, Cherly Ofita
Chemistry Education Study Program, FKIP Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Introduction
The 21st century is known as the era of the development of science and
technology. Technology has become a tool that can help most of human needs. The
development of technology especially in education field, is an important factor in solving
educational problems during the covid-19 pandemic. So that the process of teaching and
learning activities must be carried out systematically online or remotely by utilizing
technology (Alqahtani, et al., 2023).
Online learning is an educational innovation to answer the challenge of the
availability of varied learning resources (Lorenza & Carter, 2021). Online learning also
applies to lecture activities such as practicum, in online learning lecturers need to
modify/develop teaching materials so that students do not experience difficulties in
understanding the material (Glassey & Magalhaes, 2020). Development carried out in the
form of practical simulations using computer media or virtual laboratories. The virtual
laboratory is a series of laboratory learning innovations in the form of software, In this
way, students can still carry out practical from home (Viitaharju, et al., 2023).
Virtual laboratories can complement independent and online learning, learn to use
chemicals, and plan experiments according to practical instructions (Bortnik, et al., 2017).
Article History:
Received: January 25 2024
Received in revised from: February 17 2024
Accepted: March 1 2024
Available online: March 6 2024
Citation:
Khaldun, I., Zulfadli, & Ofita, C. 2024.
Simulation of gold analysis by uv-vis
spectrophotometry based on excel
spreadsheets as an alternative media for
learning analytical chemistry. Journal of
Education in Science, Technology,
Mathematics, and Disaster Management,
1(1):14-24.
Abstract. The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia had an
impact on the education sector, so that learning activities were
carried out online, including practicum courses that used
technology. One of the interactive learning media that can be used
is a practical simulation based on Excel spreadsheet. This study
aims to determine the feasibility and response of students to the
gold analysis simulation program with UV spectrophotometry using
excel spreadsheet-based with rhodamine B reagent. The research
is research and development (R&D) that uses ADDIE model, which
stands for analysis, design, development, implementation and
evaluation. This research was conducted at the Department of
Chemistry Education FKIP Syiah Kuala University. The subjects of
this study were 22 students who took the Kimia Analisis Instrumen
course. The instruments used are media validity research sheets
by experts, student response questionnaires, and system usability
scale (SUS) questionnaires. The assessment of the quality of the
analysis simulation program based on microsoft excel by experts
showed a feasibility percentage of 84% with a very decent
category, overall students gave a positive response to the Excel
spreadsheet-based analysis simulation program developed, and
the SUS score assessment by students showed a sufficient
category.
Keywords: Development, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Excel
spreadsheet, Gold Analysis
Khaldun, et al.: Simulation of Gold Analysis by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Based......| 15
The use of the virtual laboratory system can be applied to the instrument chemistry
analysis practicum course. Gold analysis with UV spectrophotometry is a sub-material
of the instrument analysis chemistry practicum course. A virtual laboratory system can
be developed through a Microsoft Excel-based practical simulation. Microsoft excel-based
learning media is a spreadsheet program designed to solve a small number of
problems in the dynamic world of teaching (Lee, et al., 2019).
Microsoft excel generally used by most people in numerical processing due to the
large number of mathematical functions that can be related to statistics, economics,
engineering and more (Aquilar, et al., 2018). Microsoft excel serves as an interactive
learning media that can be used by students independently and can be studied anytime
and anywhere (Astuti & Bhakti, 2018; Hongisto & Saastamoinen, 2023).
Learning with microsoft excel is very suitable to be implemented as an
interactive learning media ebecause it can be studied individually according to the
ability of students (Martiningsih, 2015). Based on the research that has been done on
application microsoft excel as an interactive medium for spectrophotometric analysis of
iron (Khaldun, et al., 2022), examination of carbohydrates (Andayani, et al., 2022) and
able to handle and manipulate spectroscopic and chromatographic data (Vieira, et al.,
2019). It can be concluded that performing virtual laboratories experiments for longer
durations or multiple times, positively influenced students’ laboratory performance
(Diwakar, et al., 2023). This statement is supported by Cann (2016), practical activities
in traditional laboratories that are expensive, complicated, and dangerous can be done
safely and inexpensively in virtual laboratory activities and can be achieved high levels of
student satisfaction.
According to Chotimah, et al. (2018), benefits of microsoft excel in practical learning
that students become more active and fun in learning and do not require a large cost
to make teaching aids, besides that microsoft excel software can be accessed by
anyone using a computer. This program needs to be developed and researched further in
order to make it easier for students and lecturers in the learning process anywhere and
anytime, as well as minimizing material lags for students, by using microsoft excel
spreadsheets students can repeat what they have learned. Based on this background, it is
necessary to carry out research on the development of a gold analysis simulation program
with UV spectrophotometry using microsoft excel with Rhodamine B reagent as an
alternative for practical implementation in the instrument analysis and separation
chemistry course.
Methods
The type of research used is development research or research and development.
The research subjects were 22 students who took the instrument analysis chemistry
course at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Chemistry Education, Syiah Kuala University.
The development model carried out is ADDIE which consists of 5 stages, namely:
analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation which refers to the main
process of the learning system. This model is also easy to apply to a curriculum that
emphasizes knowledge, skills, and attitudes (Cheung, 2016). The instruments used are
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media feasibility assessment sheets, student response assessment sheets, and
questionnaire sheets system usability scale (SUS). SUS is a questionnaire used to measure
usability (effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction) of a product according to the user's
subjective point of view (Bangor, et al., 2009; Aprilia, et al., 2015).
The media eligibility sheet was filled out by 2 expert lecturers from the Chemistry
Faculty of Syiah Kuala University as validators in order to obtain information related to the
feasibility of the gold analysis simulation program by UV spectrophotometry using microsoft
excel-based with rhodamine B reagent. Calculations to obtain feasibility data for a
simulation program based on microsoft excel using the following formula and the rules for
giving the assessment can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Media feasibility assesment percentage score.
No Media feasibility percentage score
Catagory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0 - 20
21 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 80
81 - 100
Very inappropriate
It’s just not worth it
Decent enough
Feasible
Very Eligible
(Source: Onishi, 1959)
Result and Discussion
Analysis Stage
This stage is done by analyzing field conditions, looking for literature on
gold analysis spectrophotometrically through articles or journals with criteria that
have data or images of the relationship between absorbance and wavelength and
has data on the relationship between absorbance and substance concentration,
looking for UV-vis spectrophotometric images that display all instruments.
Figure 1. Absorption spectra of rhodamine B chloraurate in benzene
and standar curve (Santika, et al., 2019).
Khaldun, et al.: Simulation of Gold Analysis by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Based......| 17
Design Stage
Design stage done by designing simulation media based on microsoft
excel which begins with designing the main window of UV spectrophotometry
which will later be used as a learning medium. The main parts of this program are: pictures
of spectrophotometers, pictures of standard solutions with their concentration
information, pictures of sample solutions, user group information, n
th
experiment
and concentration.
Development Stage
The development stage is a follow-up to the stage design. This stage starting with
the design of the main Spectrophotometry window as shown in the following figure:
Figure 2. Spectrophotometry Main Window
Based on suggestions from the validator, the screen of the UV spectrophotometry
instrument is not facing forward, the shape of the tool is too simple, the colour is not
contrasting, so it is modified and changed according to the following picture:
(a) (b)
Figure 3. (a) and (b) Modification of the shape of the measuring flask
and the spectrophotometer
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After the display of the Spectrophotometry main window was modified, the next
development was making a video to explain tutorials on how to work using-based
simulation media microsoft excel. Here are some of the views contained in the video
tutorial running a gold analysis simulation program using UV-based spectrophotometry
microsoft excel.
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 4. (a) Design of the initial display of the video before the Simulation slide, (b)
Purpose of the Experiment on the Video, and (c) Brief Theory of UV
spectrophotometry
The results of the media feasibility assessment obtained from the validator as a whole
show that the gold analysis simulation media product is spectrophotometrically based on
microsoft excel get very decent criteria.
Implementation Stage
The implementation stage is a trial- based simulation media stage microsoft
Excel to active students who take the instrument analysis chemistry practicum course,
totalling 22 people. This research was conducted on March 27, 2021 separately on
line.
Evaluation Stage
The evaluation stage is carried out to determine the feasibility or success of the
development of learning media. Simulation of gold analysis using UV spectrophotometry
using microsoft excel-based with rhodamine B reagent.
Results of Validation of based Learning
Media Microsoft Excel
Microsoft excel based simulation media program validated by 2 expert validators before
being tested on students. The results can be seen in the following image:
Khaldun, et al.: Simulation of Gold Analysis by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Based......| 19
Figure 5. Media Eligibility Aspect
Figure 6. Visual Communication Aspect
0
1
2
3
4
5
Communicative NavigationDesign layouts Color animations and
images
Score Eligible Aspect
Indicator of measurement
Validator 1Validator 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
Communicative NavigationDesign layouts Color animations and
images
Score visual communication aspect
Indicator of measurement
Validator 1Validator 2
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Figure 7. Material Aspect
Results of Student Responses to based Learning Media Microsoft Excel
The data from the responses of 22 students obtained in the questionnaire responses after
the researchers distributed the questionnaires can be seen in the following figure:
Figure 8. Student Response Results
Figure 8 shows that the results of student responses to the development of a
gold analysis simulation program using UV spectrophotometry using microsoft excel-
based with rhodamine B reagent obtained an average value of 89.9% included in the
very good criteria. Microsoft excel can increase student learning.
1
2
3
4
5
Value of aspect theory
Indicator of measurement
Validator 1Validator 2
Khaldun, et al.: Simulation of Gold Analysis by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Based......| 21
independence in the form of visual activities, oral activities, listening activities, writing
activities, and emotional activities (Arikunto & Jabar, 2010).
Assessment Sheet Response Results SUS
Data on assessment results based on questionnaires SUS filled by 22 students can
be seen in the following Table 1.
Table 1. The results of student responses to the SUS questionnaire on the development
of learning media simulation analysis of gold by UV spectrophotometry using microsoft
excel-based with rhodamine B reagent.
No Respondent R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 Score
SUS
Note
1 WA 4 2 4 5 4 2 4 2 4 5 60 C
2 SF 4 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 55 C
3 SL 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 65 C
4 RJ
5 2 5 5 5 1 5 2 5 5 75 B
5 AI 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 50 D
6 US
4 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 5 62.5 C
7 OS 4 3 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 55 C
8 YS 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 52.5 C
9 NR
3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 50 D
10 AM 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 50 D
11 II
3 4 4 4 5 2 4 3 4 3 60 C
12 NA 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 52.5 C
13 TW 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 47.5 D
14 PB
3 2 4 5 4 2 3 2 4 5 55 C
15 NM 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 50 D
16 DD
4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 50 D
17 MI 5 4 5 4 3 5 4 4 5 5 47.5 D
18 NW 5 2 5 3 5 2 5 2 5 3 82.5 B
19 HK
5 2 4 5 5 2 4 2 4 2 72.5 B
20 CR 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 45 D
21 RA 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 50 D
22 IN 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 5 57.5 C
Score average 54.5 C
Table 1 shows students positive responses to the development of gold analysis simulation
learning media using UV spectrophotometry using microsoft excel-based with rhodamine B
reagent that have been used get the average score of 54.5 with a rating of C or “OK”. SUS
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can interpreted into a (adjective rating) to explain the level usability a system that is
translated into the level of user acceptance (acceptability range) to determine the system
can be accepted or not by the user which can be seen in Figure 9, SUS can also be
interpreted into a score or percentile rank where the assessment is illustrated in Figure
4.13, which is divided into A, B, C, D and F. Microsoft excel as follows: a)
acceptability ranges (acceptance rate) users in category marginal low , b) grade scale in
category F, and c) adjective rating in the “OK” category.
Conclusion
Based on the results of research on gold analysis simulation learning media by UV
spectrophotometry using microsoft excel-based with rhodamine B reagent can be
concluded that: Feasibility of learning media Simulation of gold analysis using UV
spectrophotometry using microsoft excel-based with rhodamine B reagent that have been
developed and meet the criteria, which are very suitable for use by students taking
instrument analysis chemistry practicum courses. Students give positive responses to
learning media. Simulation of gold analysis using UV spectrophotometry using
microsoft excel-based with rhodamine B reagent seen from the number of agreed
responses given by respondents as well as usability through the SUS questionnaire
responses by students showing media-based simulations microsoft excel get a sufficient
category with a value range of 52.51–73.50.
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